Dynamo-electric machine.



, B. A. BEHREND. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT 19, 1904.

Patented .17, 1909.

3 8 E 8-SHEET 1.

U'zmesaea Inventor.- BernaniA -fiefif'elui A Horne B. A. BEHREND.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19, 1904.

93 1 ,375. Patented Aug. 17. 1909. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. 4 M- III" //liii [raven for: Berna/4 A u krenaz Attorney.

UNITED STA'lEfEENT OFFICE.

BERNARD ARTHUR BEHREND, F NonWooD, OHIO, ASSIGNQR, BY'DIRECT aim ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE BULLOCK ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING comerry, A concomrioii or OHIO, AND ALLIS-CHALMERS COMPANY, A coiiPosATIoNoi NEW JERSEY.

DYNAMQ-BLECTBIG MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BERNARD A. BEHREND, citizen of the United States, residing at Norwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of field magnets for alternating current gener-' ators, when the magnet is rotated at coinparatively low speed the windings or coils on the poles thereof are not subjected to very heavy strains. However, when it is 2o tempted to apply this construction to the rotating element of high speed machines such as.turho-alteriiators, the coils or windings are subjected to such enormous centrifugal forces that they are distorted and strained even to the point of Lurstiiig.

The-object ol my invention is to so con struct the windings or coils on the i'otatal;lc member of high speed dynamo-electric inachiiics that the centrifugal forces acting upon said windings will tciid to hold each coil or winding in position on said liielliifii' i'athcr than to distort it and throw it out of position. To this end i employ a hold coil comprising a tint strip of conducting material wound cdgewise and having its ends parallel and its sides convci'ging.

More specifically considered my invention wedge-shaped poles, and pi'cviously formed 40 wedge-shaped coils made of strips of conducting material edgewise wound and surrounding said poles with their sides radial with respect to the axis of the rotatable l'icld magnet.

in another aspect my invention consists of a iotata cle iield magnet for a high speed dynamo-electric machine-having two or more poles and windings on said poles composed of a plurality of previously torined co ls having their sides. radial with respect to the axis oisaid rotatable field iii-agnet, the coils on each aoie f zn 'angcd substantially conat the pole axis.

,r'olOl}. further comprises improve- Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed September 19, 1904. Serial No. 225,072.

m ssag 17; 1909.

ments in the construction an'd'arran eni'ent' '55 of parts of the rotor,-which-will he ere'in after described and more specifically stated in the appended claims. a

In the accom anying drawings; which illustrate the pre erred embodiments of my invention, Figure 1 represents an end view of a. four pole rotatable field magnet; Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 22. of Fig. 1'; Fig. 3 is a top plan view of one of the poles Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view on the line 44 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating a modified form of .pole construction; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the formed coils removed from. its pole; Fig. 7 is a diagrainof the forces acting upon the windings in the ordinary construction "of rotating field. magnets; Fig. ,8 is an end view of a modified-form-ot' my invention illustrating a two pole rotatable field magnet; Fig. 9 is a plan view of one'eiid of the i'otating field magnet illustrated in Fig. 8;. Fig. 10 is a pore ective view of one 01" the formed coils employed in the modified form of invention illustrated in FigsfS and 9; Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the con-nec '84} tions of the coils forming the windings on the magnet snown in Figs. 8 and 9 Fig. 12 is a further modification of my invention show.- iiig field coils constructed in accordance with g the principle of my invention arranged conceiiti'ically about the poles ol a fourpole iotatahle lie d magnet: Fi 1-3 is an end view A I D partly in section of a modified form of my invention shown in Fig. 12 and 1-1 is a diagram of the electric connectionsbetween the coils in this last mentioned modification. consists of a rotatable field magnet having 3 Referring first to Fig. 7 of the drawings l which illustrate in diagram a four pole rotating field magnet of customary construction, 1 have here indicated the torces acting upon the windings orcoi lsin such a construction when rotated athighspeedi ,Let the longitudinal axis be represented by and let A B represent the, centrifugal;force acting upon a portion oft-he winding ac'lo- 10 cated at A; then ifthis force isiesolij d into two components, it will .be-seen' that one of said componentsA'D is parallel with the pole axis and the other, A C is. at right ..aiigles thereto. It will also be senthat the coin- 10 ponent A C is of considerable f na'gnitude and nearly equal to the component A D'; thelatter component, however, is directed against ea en the pole tips or pole shoes, and thewinding or coil is therefore not distorted. or strained this component. The component A C yacting at right angles to the pole d. being equal on opposite sides thereects the "Winding to a considerable which tends 'to distort and burst the {lonsidering another portion of the lg A greater distancefrom the 15 lo: tndinal than is A, the centrifugal in we may be represented by theline A 5 and its components as A D and A C, al-

ugh the component A D is much greater an the component A C ,it is apparent that is the latter component is about equalto AC,

and is of considerable magnitude.

By constructing the pole pieces of the rofield structure of a wedge shapeand r i ls which surround said poles of a simias i 1' shape, and by arranging each of said coils such a manner that the center lines of its coincide with radii of the rotating field magnet, the centrifugal forces acting along these center lines will be taken up by the pole tips or shoes and oy'successive layers or coils. There will be therefore no tendency coils constructed and arranged in this Inner (to be hereinafter more specifically to become distorted orstrained o f We centrifiigal forces acting thereupon.

e rotatable field magnet are mounted soles wedge-shaped as clearly shown gs. l and l and are provided with proof said anges being preferably erpendicular to radn oi the revolvh'ld in position on the hub by bolts 19. The C01lS wb1ch surne poles 16 are formed in a specially former m the shape clearly illusn Fig. 6 are placed in position on soles, the latter being then bolted to the 5 The coils 20 are so wound that s 21 are parallel to each other and converge toward the longituthe rotatable member, time i 7 oil the appearance ot a wedge.

i the coils are so arranged that e r lines theretln'ough coincide with re .ii of the rotatable member as indicated at :3 E,'Fig. 4:. it will thus be seen that since thesid'es oi the coil are radial with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rotatable field. magnet the centrifugal forces acting upon the sides of the coil act along the center es of said sides and there is therefore no 159 tendency for said forces to distort and strain the coil. The coil illustrated in these figures formed of a strip of conducting material edgewise Wound and it will be seen that when the coil is in position on the pole, the

6 successive layers'thereof are perpendicular to the radii G E. The coils preferably have their endscurved in arcs of circles concern trip but with respect to the axis of the inaillustrated inFigs. 3and l, each pole has in its sides slots or cut-away portions 23 or purposes of ventilation. A heavy spool- '24 of insulating material is placed between the core and the coil.

In Fig. 5 ,1 have illustrated a slightly modified structure in which the core of the pole is made up of laminae 25, being cut away on one side along the line 26 and provided on its opposite side with the projecting flange 18. Each lamina is also provided with a dove-tailed projection 27, which engages the dove-tailed groove 28. These lamina are assembled to form the core, the adjacent laminae being placed with the flange 18alternating on opposite sides of the thereby leaving ventilating slots between alternate laminae for the pur ventilation. v I

Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, in which I have illustrated a bi-polar rotor construction with a perfectly smooth cylindrical exterior for the purpose of reducing the air resistance.

nes having a considerable outdifiicult to obtain the necesiield flux if a construction imilar to construction shown in Figs. 1 to t inclusive, is employed; that is to say, with such a construction it is difficult to arrange for the proper number of ampere-turns about the poles of the rotating magnet to obtain the desired magnetic field strength without unduly increasing the diameter and bulkiness of said magnet.

l have shown a plurality nged substantially concen- T hose coils each lamina in large machi put it is quite Y 'sary magnetic eierring new to Figs. 1 told-inclusive, if;

sents the shaft upon which the poles 16' g flanges or ole shoes 17, the inner magnet as shown at 18. Those of coils 30, arra trically about each pole 31.

are arrangedwith their sides radial with rehe axis of the rotatable member The general apl is wedge-shaped as lg. 10. It will be seen that the I d in pairs and that the inner coils 30 directly surround the core the coils 3O surround coils 30 and the. coils. 30 surround the coils 30*- and 30 and the extreme outside coils on each pole, surround the before mentioned (1 coils have end-turns concentric with respect to the axis' of the rotatable member; in fact, the extreme outside coil 38 of each pole as shown in Fig. 8 has its end connection cover semi-circle concentri rotatable member.

the adjacent pairs 0 d coils is filled with blocks of magreferably formed integral he sides of the coils of. each positionon the pole by means i magnetic material and and their ends parallel.

ance of the col shown in F coils are arrange namely 3O ing substantially a h the axis of the The space between the f concentrically netic material, with poles 31.

pair are. held in of said blocks 0 SHOW, more clearly waste wedges 33 of non-magnetic material.

- member in this modification are preferably connected in series in the manner indicated by the diagram Fig. 11. to; and from the coils through the leads 35 and iifi inthe' direction indicated by the arrows, so as to produce north and south poles indicated by N and S. Means not shown in these figures are provided for supporting the coil end connections. These supporting means have been omitted so as to the arrangement of the coils on the rotatable member orfield magnet.

Referring now to Figs. 12 and 13 in which I have'illustra-ted a further modification of my invention, 37 indicates the shaft upon which are mounted the laminae. 38 forming These laminae the core of a four pole rotor. are shapedas indicated in the upper part of Fig. 13, and areheld in their proper position relativeto each other by means of the bolts 40-, upon which are strung the separating washers 4'1, referably made of non-magnetic material. The core is provided with longitudinal ventilating passages 39. In this modification the poles indicated by 42 are formed wedge-shaped and upon these wedge-shaped poles are placed the previously formed wedge-shaped coils, 45, 46 and 47, saidcoils being arranged concentrically 43 of magnetic material and also by the wedges 44 of non-magnetic material. These coils are preferably formed of strips of conducting material edgewise wound in a former in such a manner that when placed in 081- 45 by layer. T is method of Winding I do not 1 claim in this application, but make the subject matter. of another application for patent, Serial No. 238,175, filed Dec. 23, 1904.

The end connections of the-coils45, 46, and 47 are held in position by means of an outside cylindrical cover 48, against which the coil ends areforced radially by means of the wedges 49 mounted on the collar 50,

which has the inclined exterior surface 51. Means not shown are provided for holding I the wedges 49. 1n position, v The arrangementis suchthat the coils are spaced apart 52. are: rovided for maintainingthe ends of the cois 45-, ldan-d- .47 the proper distance apart whenqsupporting means for the end connections are forced into position. The coils forming the winding of this modified The current passes about-the axis of each pole. The 35 coils are held in position by the projections form of rotor construction arepreierabl'y connected in series in the manner indicated in the diagram Fig. 14,'the current being led to and from said coils by means ofthe leads 35 and 36 in the direction indicated by the arrows Fig. 14, so as to south poles at N and S.

Although lhave illustrated certain speproduce north and cific modifications oi my invention, I do not care to be limited to the structures herein shown and described, and I aim in the appended claimsto cover all the changes and modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In the rotatable member of a dynamoeleotric machine a Wedge-shaped field coil formed of acontinuous edgewise wound strip of fiat conducting material havingthe end portions of its turns lying in arcs of concentrio circles, in combination with a wedgeshaped pole piece which said coil surrounds and means for retaining said end portions against displacement due to the action of centrifugal force.

2. In a high speed rotating field dynamoelectric machine, a rotatable member having Wedge-shaped poles and a Winding thereon comprising a plurality of coils each consisting of a continuous strip of edgewise-wound strap conductor, said coils having their sides converging and their ends parallel, and means for preventing displacement of said ends by centrifugal action.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, arota table field magnet, having integral wedgeshaped poles, and previously-formed Wedgeshaped coils each made of a continuous strip of conducting material edgeWise-wound and said coils surrounding said poles with their sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet and their ends in arcs of circles concentric with said axis.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field magnet, having integral wedgeshape d poles, and previously-formedwedgeshaped field coils of edgewise-Wound strap conductor having their sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet and-their ends in arcs of circles concentric with said axis, said pole pieces-having ventilating slots therein.

5. In a high speed dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field magnet having two'or more integral.wedge-shaped poles, andwind= I ings on-each of said poles composed of a plu. 6Ov to insure-proper ventilation. Spacing blocks rality of concentric coils, each being formed of a continuous fiat strip edgewise-wound, and having sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet and parallel ends.

6. In a high speed dynamo-electric macomposed of a chine, a rotatable field magnet, having two or more integral Wedge-shaped poles, a pinrality of concentrically arranged coils for each pole, each of said coils being Wound edge-wise from a continuous strip of conducting material and said coils being mounted on the poles with their sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet and the individual turns of said coilsperpendicular to radii or" said rotatable field magnet,

said coils also having their ends projecting axially of the field magnet beyond the poles, and means for clainpingand retaining in position against displacement said projecting ends.

7. in a high speed dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable lield magnet,- having two or more integral wedge-shaped poles, windings on each pole composed ol' a plurality of coils each formed of a continuous llat strip edgewise Wound, said coils having their sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet, and the individual turns of the coils being in concentric cylindrical surfaces the coils on each pole being arranged substantially concentrically about the pole axis and having their ends projecting axially ol' the lield magnet beyond the pole, and means for retaining said projecting ends agai st displacement under the action of centrifugal force.

8. in a high speed dynamo-electric Inaehine, a rotatable field magnet, having two or more integral Wedge-shaped poles, Windings on each pole composed of a plurality of concentrically arranged coils each coil being Wound edgcwise from a continuous strip of conducting material, said coils being mounted on said poles with their ends projecting therefrom and with their sides radial with respect to the axis of said rotatable field magnet, and the individual turns ol' said coils perpendicular to radii of said iield magnet, and means for holding said coils in position on said field magnet and for retaining said projecting ends against displacement under the action of centrifugal force.

9. in a high speed dynamo-electric machine a rotatable field magnet having two or more integral poles, windings on each pole plurality of previously formed coils of edgeWise-Wound strap conductors, said coils having their sides radial with respect to the axis of said field magnet, the coils on each pole also being arranged substantially concentrically about the pole axi and having their end connections lying in arcs of circles concentric with the axis of said field magnet.

10. in a high speed dynamo-electric ma chine, a rotatable field magnet, having two or more poles, windings on said poles-cornposed of a plurality oi previously-formed coils having their sides radial with respect to the axis of said field magnet, the coils on each pole being arranged substantially con c-em trically about the pole accla med-ans for hold-'- ing the sides of said coils in osition on said noise and independently ad 11. In a high speed dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field r'nagnet, having the or more integral poles, windings on i' omposed of a plurality of previously-formed coils, each coil being made from a single strip of flat conducting material Wound edgewiseand having its sides radial with respect to the axis of said field magnet and theseparate turns perpendicular'to radii of the field rnagnet, the coils on each pole heing arranged of the pole and having their end connections axis of the i'ield magnet. 12. In a high speed dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field magnet, having two or more integral poles, windings on said poles composed of a plurality of previously-formed coils of edgewise-wound strap conducting material, said coils having their sides radial with respect to the axis of said field magnet, the coils on each pole heing arranged sub' stantially concentrically about the pole axis, and means for maintaining the coils on each pole a predetermined distance apart so as to provide ventilating spaces between the coils. 13. In a high speed dynarnmelectric machine, a rotatable field member comprising a core having integral poles with sides divergingoutwardly, a plurality ofconcentric field coils on each pole, each or said coils being formed of a continuous strip of edgewisewound flat conducting material, and having sides radial with respect to the axisoi the machine and projecting ends, and adjustable means for sup orting said projecting ends.

14. In a hig speed dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field member comprising a core having radial slots and integral poles, and a plurality of coils in said slots, the coils being arranged in groufps, concentrically about each pole, each 0 said coils being formed of a continuous strip of edge sewound fiat conducting material, and having sides radial with respect to theaxis of the machine, and ends in parallel planes at sub: stantially right angles to said axis. 15. in a rotaryflield member of a dynamoelectric machine, a cylindrical core having wedgeshaped pole pieces, projecting teeth between said pole iec'es, a coil surrounding each wedge-shapm' ole piece, a second coil concentric with the st coil and surrounding each pole piece and the pro'ecting teeth a jacent thereto, said coils eing formed of strips of edgewise-Wound conducting material and having their ends parallel and their sides radial, and means for retaining said ends in position against displacement by centrifugal force.

said poles lying in arcs of circles concentric with the ustable means. or holding the ends of said coils in position,

substantially concentrically about the axis 16. In a rotary field member of a dynamoelectric machine, a cylindrical core having wedge-shaped pole pieces, projecting teeth between said pole ieces, a coil surrounding each Wedge-shaped ole piece, a second coil concentric with the rst coil andsurrounding each polepiece and the pro'ecting teeth ad jacent thereto, said coils eing formed of strips of edgeWise-wound conducting material having their sides radial and their ends projecting from the ends of said core, the end portions of the individual layers of the coils eing in concentric cylindrical surfaces and means for sup orting said projecting ends and retaining t em in position against radial displacement during the operation of the machine.

17. In a rotary field member, a cylindrical core provided with groups of radial slots and pole pieces between adjacent groups, wedgeshaped field coils of edgeWisewound stra conducting-material located in said slots, tiere being a number of concentric coils per pole, saidcoil having radial sides and ends which project beyond the ends of the core, the end portions of the individual layers of the coils being in concentric cylindrical surfaces and means for supporting and retaining in position against splacement due to centrifugal action the projecting portions of said coils.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in the presence of two Witnesses.

BERNARD ARTHUR BEHREND.

Witnesses:

LILLIAN J. BRITTON,. FRED J. KINSEY. 

